Diabetics who are familiar with the glycemic index have an easier time discerning how certain foods will affect their blood sugar. The principle of the glycemic index is based on a 1 to 100 scale, with pure glucose being 100. A food GI is measured by how much it will raise blood sugar in a 2 hour span.

The glycemic index (GI) underlying theme is a low-sugar, high-fiber, plant-based diet. Most GI lists categorize foods into three groups: Low (less than 55), Medium (55-69), and High (over 70) GI foods. Low GI foods will stimulate the least blood glucose and are presumably better to eat. Vegetables generally are low GI. Foods with lots of sugar have higher values. The GI theory is not cut and dry. Certain factors will skew results, for example: eating protein. Protein will slow the abortion of glucose into the blood. This rule also holds true for fat.

Curious how a low glycemic diet might work for you? Fifty50 wants to help you achieve optimal blood sugar control. They have created a step-by-step experiment that shows how a high glycemic meal will affect a blood sugar, in relation to a low glycemic meal. Check it out and see for yourself is this GI thing is worth mastering.

That's Fit did a great piece featuring the benefits fiber adds to most of our diets. In fact, the FDA recommends we eat 25 to 30 grams a day when most of us are eating less than half that amount!

Even Oprah is praising the nutritious secrets of fiber. Her helping hand, Dr. Oz, has written it all down for you in his latest book, YOU on a Diet. Oprah has featured the YOU: On a Diet Basics in a slide show on her site.

The slide show compels me to brave Borders again (at least this time I might not have to navigate swarms of Harry Potter fanatics). YOU: On a Diet promises to invigorate me with equal parts information, motivation, and change-your-life action that will harmoniously direct my body into wellness. After all - this is the doctor who has helped Oprah look like a daytime supermodel. I'm sold!

What is the purpose of body fat? We all have it, some of us a little more than others. As we grow older, some of our diets fall out of balance with our energy needs causing our white fat cells to become swollen.

White fat cells secrete leptin, adiponectin and resistin. Leptin and adiponectin work together in suppressing appetite. Resistin is the newest discovered - and has been found to participate in the inflammatory response and resistence to insulin. It also triggers an immune response to irritation, so it may be the fat cells attempt to shut your piehole because we're not gonna take it. As the white fat cells take on excessive calories they begin swelling, resulting in an inflammatory response.

Inflammation, by definition, is a protective attempt to remove the injurious stimuli (excess calories) and initiate the healing process. As the fat cells dispatch hormones signaling inflammation - one could hypothesize that Type 2 diabetes is a response to an imbalanced diet - calories in versus calories out. So what do our white fat cells do for us? They are designed to store energy for use in times of need. When your body is sending out DEFCON signals of inflammation - I'd say that is a time of need, indeed. Would inducing ketosis till the swelling goes down help?

It's here and you should know all about the first over the counter FDA approved weight loss pill, alli. A word of caution: if you're a cheater on your diets - it seems like Glaxo is raising red flags before things get messy. No seriously, read on to find out what I'm talking about.

Alli works by preventing your body from absorbing some of the fat you eat. It attaches to natural enzymes in the digestive system and prevents absorption of fat from the foods you eat. Undigested fat cannot be absorbed and passes through the body naturally. I know you're wondering about side effects, so here you go: the most common treatment effects (as they're eloquently called) come from eating meals with too much fat. The unabsorbed excess fat is not harmful - but it will not go unnoticed. In fact, you may recognize it in the toilet as something that looks like the oil on top of a pizza. The treatment effects may include gas with oily spotting, loose stools, and more frequent stools that may be hard to control. Eating a low-fat diet with 15 grams of fat per meal on average can lower the chance of experiencing these treatment effects.

Final thoughts to consider: #1 - It doesn't require a prescription but it will cost you. Expect to pay between $65 and $75 per month for alli. #2 -- Users of alli must reduce the fat in their diets or else they will run the risk of the trots. Does this remind anybody of those fat free potato chips made with Olestra? The Diet Channel has an article, written by an MD, for more details on the first ever FDA approved over-the-counter weight loss product. Click to read the whole review.

Who would've thought that the same company who gave rise to Super Mario Brothers would transform a generation into virtual athletes? And I know what you're thinking - don't even try to turn this video gaming habit into a banner health campaign. Hold the phone, sister. Read on and you'll see what Nintendo has done.

The calorie-carnage begins with a wireless remote -- like a piece of sporting equipment. In fact this wireless piece is your symbolic tennis racket, baseball bat or golf club. Players use the momentum of their body movements to engage a sensor placed on top of the television. The freebie games that come with Nintendo Wii are: tennis, golf, baseball, and even boxing. Of course the games to choose from are as far as the imagination can stretch. You can even pay to download the good old games like Super Mario Brothers and other hits from back in the day. The gaming actively involves movement of the biceps, shoulders, core and even the legs. All of this, of course, happens in the comfort and privacy of home, which means users of any age or skill level can hit the virtual court, diamond or links anytime.

In a study of 25 kids 8 to 12 years old, researcher Lorraine Lanningham-Foster at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota, found that kids playing active video games (Sony's EyeToy and Konami's Dance Dance Revolution Ultramix 2) expended roughly double the energy of kids playing sedentary video games.

Wii has attracted a devoted following, including 26-year-old Mickey DeLorenzo, of South Philadelphia. The multimedia developer quickly attained cultural hero status by blogging the results of his 30-minute-a-day Wii exercise regimen. DeLorenzo, who lost 9 pounds between Dec. 3 and Jan. 15 just by playing Wii games.

If you're still curious what the game looks like in action take a moment to watch a crafty commercial Nintendo put together. The theme of the commercial is: Wii would like to play. Enjoy!

Remember that movie with Billy Crystal and Robert De Niro, Analyze This? Well we all don't have super-risky mobster lifestyles to induce depression like Paul Vitti's, but according to a new study of depressed type 2 diabetics -- depression has a negative impact on blood sugar control.

Researchers treated 93 patients with type 2 diabetes and depression with the antidepressant bupropion (Wellbutrin). They chose the drug because it is capable of reducing depression and weight simultaneously. The hypothesis behind the treatment was mood enhancement and weight reduction would, in fact, improve blood sugar control. (Always a gold star day in my book!) The results were documented in the March issue of Diabetes Care, and showed that antidepressant treatment produced benefits beyond just mood improvement. Patients also lost weight, improved self-management of their diabetes, and improved their A1c levels.

In the 6 months following the conclusion of the study, depression improvement predicted maintenance of improved blood sugar control. This confirms the research hypothesis that depression improvement can produce better blood sugar control, independent of weight loss and overall diabetes management. The importance of weight-independent physiological factors like insulin sensitivity and inflammation improve during depression relief and contribute to better long-term control of diabetes.

The moral of this story? You tell me. I spotlight the research - I like it when you guys give me answers.

Two doctors from the UK warn athletes who take growth hormone in an effort to enhance their performance increase their risk of developing diabetes.

The doctors describe what they believe is the first reported case of diabetes associated with taking high doses of growth hormone. A 36-year-old professional body-builder was admitted to the emergency room and treated for chest pain. He told his doctors that in the past year he had lost 88 pounds and noticed that he had to urinate excessively and was constantly thirsty and hungry. The man admitted to using anabolic steroids for 15 years and high doses of growth hormone for the past 3 years. He said he went on insulin a year after starting growth hormone in an effort to counter the effects of high blood sugar, but he stopped taking insulin after a couple of episodes of sudden low blood sugar while at the gym. Tests showed that the man's liver was inflamed, his kidneys were enlarged and that he had very high blood sugar. He was also dehydrated, and was diagnosed with diabetes. He was admitted to the hospital, treated with intravenous fluids and insulin for five days and then sent home. His symptoms resolved completely, and he was no longer diabetic.

The use of growth hormone has become popular with athletes because it is easy to buy online and difficult to detect in screening tests, unlike anabolic steroids. The internet gives easy access to these drugs as well as the 'best' means to take them. The reporting doctors warn physicians should not dismiss such users as being naïve. They have extensive pseudo-medical knowledge. Sadly, the short term risks are instantly addressed. More concerning is the reality of long term complications. The efficacy of growth hormone for enhancing athletic performance is debatable. The conclusive suggestion is anyone taking high doses of growth hormone should get their blood sugar levels checked regularly.

An enzyme named eIF2alpha kinase (GCN2) was shown to profoundly regulate fat metabolism in mice.

Scientists provoked the mice into starvation mode by removing a single amino acid named leucine from their diets. By doing this, the body represses fat synthesis and consumes virtually all of its stored fat. After 17 days of a leucine-deficient diet, the mice with GCN2 lost 48% of their liver mass and 97% of the fat from their abdomens. In contrast, the mice without GCN2 kept a steady liver mass and lost only 69% of abdominal body fat.

The mice without GCN2 did not lose as much fat as the mice with GCN2. Furthermore, they developed symptoms that could lead to fatty liver disease. In most events of rapid weight loss, the liver tends to take a beating. However, the fastidious weight loss in the mice with GCN2 occurred because of the repressed synthesis of new fats coupled with the depletion of stored fats. This says a lot for safe handling when it comes to teamwork.

A small molecule has been identified that controls diabetes in mice and may pave the way to the development of easier treatment for adult-onset diabetes.

This key molecule, called Boc5, can stimulate insulin function and reduce body weight by 20%. The molecule stimulates the production of the glucagon-like peptide1 (GLP1), responsible for metabolizing glucose. The study intended to discover ways to sensitize insulin by stimulating production of GLP1. Boc5 is not powerful enough to become a diabetes or weight loss drug. But researchers suggest that similar compounds could join the latest generation of diabetes drugs, called "incretin mimetics." The first FDA-approved incretin mimetic was Byetta. A second such drug, with the generic name liraglutide, is in clinical trials.

The problem with the existing FDA approved incretin mimetic treatments is that they are large molecules that must be administered through injection. Boc5 is a small fry with big potential. Being a smaller molecule gives hope for a new generation in diabetes treatment in the form of a pill many of us would be happy to swallow.

Scientists have found that mice lacking a protein known as SH2B1 throughout their body are obese and ultimately develop diabetes. Researchers replaced SH2B1 in the brain of obese mice and it seemed to deter the onset of obesity. The study reveals that targeting SH2B1 in the brain might be a new avenue of treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes.

SH2B1 is expressed in tissues related to obesity, including the brain, liver, pancreas, and fat tissue. Replacing SH2B1 in the brain of mice lacking SH2B1 prevented the mice from becoming obese. It also prevented the mice from developing obesity after being fed a high-fat diet, indicating that SH2B1 in the brain is required to regulate body weight and fat content.

This study implies that SH2B1 in the brain is a practical target for the development of new drugs to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes.

The journal Diabetes Care reports obese adults who lost a substantial amount of weight through lifestyle modification and dieting regained less weight when they took the diet drug Xenical, This approach was also associated with a reduced occurrence of type 2 diabetes.

Xenical burns fat while you are eating by inhibiting the absorption of dietary fat from your food. Studies have shown that the drug promotes more weight loss than lifestyle modification alone. The study examined the effectst of Xenical in preventing weight regain in 383 obese adults who had lost an average of 31.7 pounds (14.4 kg) on an 8-week protein-rich, very-low-energy diet. The 309 participants who lost 5% or more of their bodyweight then received lifestyle counseling for 3 years while taking either Xenical or a placebo pill daily. Both groups regained some weight. Xenical patients regained an average of 10 pounds, while placebo patients put back an average of 15 pounds.

Most importantly, during the 3-year study period only 8 of 153 in the Xenical group developed type 2 diabetes compared with 17 of 156 in the placebo group. That's remarkable. Twice as many people were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, in addition to regaining one and a half times the weight. As an aside (and not to be a whistleblower) but one of the warnings on the label says the drug should not be taken for more than 2 years. Just an FYI.

For diabetics, the energy content of food is extremely important. The ChipList® helps diabetics to understand the value in their food choices through a simple smiley face scale.

The ChipList® is a weight reduction tool used in Europe for many years. The purpose of the ChipList® is to make nutrition information simple and clear. The goal of ChipList® is to teach good nutrition by showing which foods are good and which ones to avoid. The chart identifies which foods you can eat more of and those that you should curtail. The ChipList® chart uses a bright yellow happy face to identify healthier food choices with more nutritional value. A rose colored sad face characterizes worthless and empty food choices. The ChipList® chart is available in a foldout chart, containing important information for diabetics. There are no prohibitions in the plan.

The objective of this plan is to encourage healthier choices. The smiley face has curried favor for years as a symbol for happiness. With the smiley face assuming the role as the ChipList® spokes model for clearly simple weight reduction -- why wouldn't you give it a chance?

A study published in the online edition of the journal Nature, found a sensor in the liver (LXR) activated by glucose that controls the body's metabolism of cholesterol and fat.

Scientists fed synthetic LXR to mice eating a diet of mostly simple sugars. They discovered that the mice metabolized glucose more effectively and that activation suppressed new production of glucose in the liver. That prompted the scientists to study glucose levels as the LXR activating mechanism in the liver. By controlling glucose sensing and fat synthesis by LXR, scientists may explain and correct why low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets can lead to an elevated level of triglycerides in the blood. LXR can sense surplus glucose, induce fatty acid synthesis, and prompt the liver's export of triglycerides into the bloodstream rather than being stored as fat.

LXR could resolve the problem of hyperglycemia and atherosclerosis by binding to glucose and cholesterol buildup in the body. LXR induced regression of atherosclerosis, the clogging, narrowing, and hardening of the body's large arteries and blood vessels that can lead to stroke, heart attack, and eye and kidney problems. Contrary to conventional wisdom, this experiment led to the discovery that glucose binds directly to LXR, representing the first signaling pathway of this kind.

Ketone bodies are produced from liver cells when carbohydrates are scarce and energy must be obtained from breaking down fatty acids.

When excess ketone bodies accumulate, this abnormal (but not necessarily harmful) state is called ketosis. When large amounts of ketone bodies accumulate such that the body's pH is lowered to dangerously acidic levels, this state is called ketoacidosis. Ketone bodies are transported from the liver to other tissues, where they are reconverted to produce energy. The heart gets much of its energy from ketone bodies, although it also uses a lot of fatty acids. The brain gets its energy from ketone bodies when insufficient glucose is available (during a fast). In the event of low blood glucose, most other tissues have additional energy sources besides ketone bodies (such as fatty acids) but the brain does not. The brain retains some need for glucose, because ketone bodies can be broken down for energy only in the mitochondria, and brain cells' long thin axons are too far from mitochondria. If levels of ketone bodies are too high, the pH of the blood drops, resulting in ketoacidosis. This happens if diabetes is left untreated. A telltale sign of ketoacidosis is a fruity smell on the breath, like an apple.

Certain carbohydrate-restrictive diets induce ketosis for weight loss. Ketosis, again, is not necessarily harmful. However, when enough ketones enter the blood to lower the pH – this condition is ketoacidosis, and it is harmful. It can impair mental sharpness and inflict damaging effects on the body. Sadly and not so uncommon, the phenomenon hits type 1 adolescent girls on a dangerous level. A study found that young women with type 1 diabetes have manipulated their insulin to lose weight through ketoacidosis. In a chronic disease where every number of every reading and every calorie of everything you eat defines the control of your health -- how can diabetes NOT inherently fracture the self-image of young girls and mankind alike?

Data presented at the 2006 North American Association for the Study of Obesity confirmed that the all natural dietary fiber in FBCx effectively binds to dietary fat, specifically saturated fats, preventing absorption of a portion of your dietary fat. Don't jump to the conclusion that FBCx is just another four-letter word for P-I-L-L.

The double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial with obese diabetic volunteers concluded that all volunteers in the active group responded to FBCx, but those that had the highest saturated fat-containing diets experienced the largest adjusted weight loss. Results from this trial also indicate: significant weigh loss among all participants, decrease in serum triglyceride levels, decrease is serum cholesterol, decrease in LDL cholesterol and significant reduction in the amount of blood pressure medicine required.

Tell me if the following doesn't lure you like a moth to a flame. Imagine a diet program that does not involve a diet. It like a dietary illusion: 2 tablets per meal, 3 meals a day turns 2,000 consumed calories into 1,500 absorbed calories. Yes, that's the way to win the battle of the bulge - pick Mother Nature for your team!