You may have heard that diabetics face a greater risk of complications during hospital stays. Well, now there's evidence that diabetics with trauma injuries are particularly at risk. That info comes courtesy of a large Pennsylvania study that looked at records for around 25,000 trauma patients, half with diabetes, the other half without. The study tracked the patients' progress over the course of almost twenty years. Impressive.

What did they find? Twenty-three percent of the diabetic trauma patients experienced complications. That compares with only fourteen percent of non-diabetics. The diabetics also spent slightly more time in intensive care and were more likely to need ventilator support. The overall risk of infections was higher too - eleven percent versus six percent.

Good news: despite all this, the data did not suggest people with diabetes are more likely to die after a trauma injury. Nor did it suggest diabetics stay in hospital longer than non-diabetics. The team that conducted the study states that the next step would be to examine whether or not improved blood sugar control in diabetic trauma patients would impact these figures.

Read more about these findings by visiting MedPageToday or, for a brief summary, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Or check out the full report, published in Archives of Surgery (July, 2007).

We eat, we sleep, we live, we die; all the while the world keeps turning. Barring the influence of an alien wearing a red cape and giant S on his chest, the world will continue to spin in the same direction and at the same speed. But, what motivates it to keep turning? Scientists have their answer for that question, but the rest of us know that it's money that make the world go 'round. Unfortunate, isn't it? If there is a bright side, it is that the fear of losing money has catalyzed a movement toward educating the public about the cost of diabetes, with particular focus being placed on complications.

A new study (titled State of Diabetes Complications in America) shows that the annual health care costs for a person with complications from type 2 diabetes are about three times higher than people without diabetes. Synthesizing data from two large national studies that examine the issue of diabetes-related complications, the results demonstrated a clear need to educate the public further about the disease.

Taken right from the results of the study, the average cost of treating diabetes complications breaks down like this:

~ Heart Attack: $14,150 per person

~ Chronic Kidney Disease: $9,002

~ Congestive Heart Failure: $7,982

~ Stroke: $7,806

~ Coronary Heart Disease: $6,062

~ Foot Problems: $4,687

~ Eye Damage: $1,785

Of course, these complications do not include the cost of treating the diabetes itself. The point of mentioning all of this is that it is a strangely fortunate/unfortunate that the world is so consumed by greed. Because this new study highlights how much it costs to treat diabetes complications, health care companies and the U.S. government are FINALLY starting to see the importance of treating type 2 diabetes BEFORE complications even begin. I just find it absurd that it took a loss of money -- and not a loss of quality of life, or life itself -- to get them to finally stand up and take notice.

Damage to the retina that sometimes comes with diabetes is associated with an increased risk of having a stroke.

A study involving 1,617 middle-aged people with diabetes led researchers to this conclusion, linking retinopathy and stroke risk. At the start of the study, 197 participants had moderate retinopathy and 44 had severe retinopathy. During an average follow-up of almost 8 years, 75 strokes occurred in the group as a whole. Considering all exacerbating factors -- such as blood pressure, insulin treatment and cholesterol levels -- having diabetic retinopathy more than doubled the likelihood of having a stroke.

Dr. Tien Y. Wong advised Reuters Health, "Diabetes can exert its effects on multiple organs in the body, and damage in the blood vessels seen in the eye -- retinopathy -- is a marker of probably unseen damage occurring elsewhere." Detecting blood vessel damage in the eye is linked to blood vessel damage in the brain, which could result in a stroke. He advises all eye care professionals to perform a more comprehensive assessment of stroke risk if they detect retinopathy in a patient.

Two doctors from the UK warn athletes who take growth hormone in an effort to enhance their performance increase their risk of developing diabetes.

The doctors describe what they believe is the first reported case of diabetes associated with taking high doses of growth hormone. A 36-year-old professional body-builder was admitted to the emergency room and treated for chest pain. He told his doctors that in the past year he had lost 88 pounds and noticed that he had to urinate excessively and was constantly thirsty and hungry. The man admitted to using anabolic steroids for 15 years and high doses of growth hormone for the past 3 years. He said he went on insulin a year after starting growth hormone in an effort to counter the effects of high blood sugar, but he stopped taking insulin after a couple of episodes of sudden low blood sugar while at the gym. Tests showed that the man's liver was inflamed, his kidneys were enlarged and that he had very high blood sugar. He was also dehydrated, and was diagnosed with diabetes. He was admitted to the hospital, treated with intravenous fluids and insulin for five days and then sent home. His symptoms resolved completely, and he was no longer diabetic.

The use of growth hormone has become popular with athletes because it is easy to buy online and difficult to detect in screening tests, unlike anabolic steroids. The internet gives easy access to these drugs as well as the 'best' means to take them. The reporting doctors warn physicians should not dismiss such users as being naïve. They have extensive pseudo-medical knowledge. Sadly, the short term risks are instantly addressed. More concerning is the reality of long term complications. The efficacy of growth hormone for enhancing athletic performance is debatable. The conclusive suggestion is anyone taking high doses of growth hormone should get their blood sugar levels checked regularly.

Remember the A-Game suggestions I dangled for Eli Lilly to tap for performance enhancement? Well here it comes. I called Eli Lilly headquarters to speak with the Chairman and CEO, Mr. Sidney Taurel but I was directed to their idea submission form (which consequently didn't work). Oh boy, Sid. I'm a little disappointed. So here goes - my idea is going free for all when you could've had it, first. Let's call this new and improved product Beta Juice. It delivers the essential functions of a fully operational beta cell. It produces: insulin, amylin and c-peptide. Here's why insulin should always come equipped with the other two...

Insulin brings sugar to the cells to keep our energy levels sufficient for life, homeostasis and (if we're lucky) some energy for the gym. Amylin is a controlling agent for appetite, gastric emptying and tells the liver to dispatch glucose. It is also shown to have an impact on lipolysis --- the metabolism of stored fat. Until recently C-peptide was nothing more than a number used to decipher if you were a type 1 or a type 2 diabetic. However, recent scientific studies have shown C-peptide protects small vessels from the complications associated with diabetes. The Reuters Health article is titled C-Peptide Replacement Improves Early Diabetic Neuropathy.

The American Diabetes Association promotes the ABC's of Diabetes Care in an effort to educate diabetics on controlling their disease. The ABC's of diabetes care refer to a patient's Hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, and cholesterol. A diabetic must maintain a hemoglobin A1c less than 7%, their blood pressure must remain below 130/80 and their good and bad cholesterol must be kept in range. The ABCs of Diabetes Care were established in order to reduces the chances of developing diabetic complications like neuropathy (nerve damage), nephropathy (kidney damage) and retinopathy (eye damage).

Here comes the perfect Insulin (code name Beta Juice) -a laboratory engineered balance of insulin, amylin, and C-peptide. Insulin to balance the blood sugar level, amylin to regulate fat and cholesterol levels and C-peptide to control the damage inflicted upon the micro vessels throughout the body. This is a GREAT IDEA!! Not just because it is MY idea, but because this is a huge opportunity to mitigate the complications that insulin by itself can impose, without the checks and balances of the other beta cell hormones. What do you say, Eli Lilly? You're halfway there!! You've already partnered with Amylin Pharmaceuticals. They have one third of this patent pie. Now hop on the horn and join forces with the C-peptide patent holder and ride your stock price to the moon. The diabetic girl has spoken. I know you care, Eli Lilly. Now put your money where your mouth is and make this new and improved insulin a light at the end of the diabetes tunnel.

A 12 year study examined three separate definitions of the Metabolic Syndrome and how it can be used to predict major outcomes of diabetes (MOD). In case you were wondering, MOD is the easy way to explain complications like coronary artery disease, renal failure, diabetes-related death, or an aggregate of all of the above.

The study involved 514 type 1 diabetics. The three definitions of Metabolic Syndrome used for the study were taken from: NCEP ATP III (AHA Modified), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and the World Health Organization (WHO). The prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome ranged from 8% (IDF) to 21% (WHO) at the conclusion of the 12-year follow-up. All definitions showed reasonable specificity (83%) for each outcome, while the WHO definition had the highest sensitivity for all outcomes except Renal Failure, for which eGDR was most sensitive. However, the individual assessment of each complication, rather than an aggregate estimate, was most accurate. Microalbuminuria was clearly the strongest predictor of all individual outcomes.

What an acronym! MOD stands for major outcomes of diabetes, which is far less posh than the vernacular predecessor, mod, which means vanguard in style. But I digress -- praise be microalbuminuria for being crowned the best single predictor of MOD. If you happen to linger with curiosity to learn more about microalbuminuria, indulge in the deep ocean of Wikipedia.

In the summer iof 2004, research funded by JDRF revealed that a mutation of the SUMO-4 gene is a strong factor in the development of type 1 diabetes and the potential associated complications, such as kidney failure.

The gene called SUMO-4 is responsible for signaling the proteins that regulate the intensity and duration of the immune response. When the gene is mutated, it has an increased response to the stimulants of the immune system, that cause it to overreact. This overreaction results in a person's inability to distinguish between self and foreign cells, thus causing type 1 diabetes. The mutated SUMO-4 gene may exacerbate the inflammatory process, influencing the complications of diabetes.

The most influential genes in the development of type 1 diabetes are found in the HLA or human leukocyte antigen region. These genes help regulate the immune system by guiding it to differentiate between self and non-self. Variants of the DR and DQ genes in the HLA region are found in 95% of type 1 diabetics. Another gene that increases the chances of developing type 1 diabetes has been found in the region immediately preceding the insulin gene. This region contains a VNTR or variable number of tandem repeats. This refers to specific chemical bases that make up DNA. Inheritance of certain VNTR's increases the risk of developing type 1 diabetes.

Again I reiterate this research was unveiled in 2004. SUMO-4 was identified as a prime target to control the inflammatory process leading to the destruction of islets. As I search Google for, "sumo4, drugs, JDRF" I am terribly disappointed to see that my yearning for answers remains unrequited. Did SUMO-4 fall too hard too fast?

British researchers have found that tight glucose control during hospitalization for a stroke may not improve survival.

The study involved 933 patients enrolled within 24 hours of a stroke who had glucose in the range of 6.0 to 17 mmol/l. Participants received saline solution or continuous glucose, potassium, insulin infusions to reduce their blood glucose. Patients were monitored every two hours with glucose adjusted if needed every eight hours. The researchers found that both treatment and placebo groups had improvement in glucose levels. The treatment group had an overall mean 0.57 mmol/l reduction in glucose over 24 hours while glucose levels also fell spontaneously with simple saline hydration. There was also no difference in the secondary outcome of disability. There was a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure in the treatment group. A researcher noted, "In the majority of patients, treatment with a simple saline infusion will correct mild to moderate hyperglycemia."

The saline and glucose relationship is similar to the way the noninvasive glucose monitors measure blood sugar (aka Glucowatch)., This relationship between sodium and glucose in the blood moves inverse. When your sugar levels are elevated, your sodium is down. When you force sodium into your blood, your sugar is suppressed. Doctors must proceed with caution in light of this study. When it comes to aggressively lowering glucose, especially after a trauma, it could be more harmful than helpful.

Sometimes change can come in the form of something mammoth in size, while other times it can appear as something simple. Regardless of the scale, it is the totality of the effect that change that matters most. And, insofar as smaller, simpler changes go, a recent classification of infections may have a profound effect on the future of diabetes complications.

This change comes as the result of a joint effort by several research groups, hailing from as far and as wide as Texas to the Netherlands. Publishing their landmark study on the classification of diabetic foot infections has validated and tweaked the Infectious Disease Society of America's already standing system of labeling infections as mild, moderate or severe. The doctors involved in the study see this study as having a dramatic impact on predicting hospitalization and amputation. Furthermore, it will assist doctors in communicating with their patients and guiding them most effectively through therapy.

For more information on this classification system, visit: www.diabetic-foot.net

Based on ADA statistics, there are bout 20.8 million people in the United States who have diabetes. For you percentage people out there, that's roughly 7 percent of the total U.S. population. That figure represents the almost 15 million people who have been diagnosed and the estimated 5 to 6 million people who are not aware that they have the disease. This lack of awareness can of course lead to an increased risk for complications. But, for those individuals who are aware that they have diabetes but still do not seek regular treatment, risk of complications are also great. This is particularly true when it comes to diabetic retinopathy.

Affecting up to 24,000 new people each year, diabetic retinopathy is a degenerative disease of the retina that can sometimes lead to blindness. But, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, permanent blindness from retinopathy can be prevented if it is diagnosed and treated in its early stages. Because only 60 percent of people with diabetes have their eyes tested annually, many cases of blindness could be avoided if that percentage was much higher, doctors say. In fact, studies show that regular treatments, including an annual eye dilation and exam, can reduce the chance of severe vision loss by almost 94 percent. And, with more advanced treatment, such as the method highlighted in Allie's post below, we will hopefully see a day where blindness becomes a thing of the past.

Billboard.com has announced the death of Pink Floyd co-founder Roger Syd Barrett from complications of diabetes. According to Billboard, Barrett left Pink Floyd over thirty years ago due to mental health issues, and lived the remainder of his life in seclusion with his mother in Cambridge, England.

Known for psychedelic rock, Pink Floyd, with Barrett and members Roger Waters, Rick Wright, and Nick Mason, gained an international cult-like following due to its innovative beyond the boundaries rock.

By some accounts, Barrett's LSD drug use created mental problems for him and he eventually retired from the band to live in his hometown of Cambridge. Pink Floyd band members dedicated two songs to Barrett, who was seen as influential in all that Pink Floyd symbolized and position it held in the rock world, with Shine on You Crazy Diamond and Wish You Were Here.

At the Live 8 benefit, Gilmour, Waters, Wright and Mason performed Wish You Were Here in Barrett's honor. Barrett was 60.