The scientific community has been in a heated debate about xenotransplants (transplanting pig islets into humans). Although the procedures are showing to be effective - is the insulin secretion entirely pig? Some experts surmise that after the transplants, diabetic patients are actually able to produce some insulin on their own, after all.

The latest press release from Tissera, Inc (an Israeli-based company) made a statement that raises my hopes. It was, "By the fourth month after transplantation, the insulin dose needed to maintain near-normal blood sugar levels decreased by more than 90% in comparison with the insulin dose needed before transplantation, meaning that endogenous insulin production was predominantly responsible for blood sugar control."

The question of the origin of endogenous insulin was addressed by measurement of blood C-peptide. C-peptide splits from insulin and indicates the level of insulin secretion from the patient. C-peptide levels were measured both at baseline and in response to a sugar load, which brings about a rise in blood C-peptide. The measured C-peptide was shown to be predominantly of pig origin. So herein lies my question: is predominantly more than 50%? A type 1 diabetic has undetectable levels of C-peptide. Period. After the xenotransplant the C-peptide level is all of a sudden detectable? Could these islet transplants assist in regenerating the diabetics' own islets?

Living Cell Technologies has been given the go ahead to conduct clinical trials of its DiabeCell diabetes product in New Zealand.

DiabeCell is a porcine islet cell product for the treatment of insulin- dependent diabetes. The pig cells are injected into the body without any immunosuppressant drugs. The cells produce insulin to help regulate blood glucose levels appropriate to the amount of glucose detected in the blood stream of the diabetic recipient.

The Medical Director of Living Cell Technologies explains that DiabeCell offers considerable advantages over other available treatments in addition to the fact there is no need for immuno-suppressive drugs. Anther problem of islet transplants is the strain on the supply of islets. This is not a problem with the DiabeCell because their supply of cells derive from natural biocertified pig herds, unlike human organ donors.

LCT's application is to conduct the clinical trial of its DiabeCell product on 8 long standing Type 1 diabetics. The clinical trial is expected to be approximately 12 months in duration. This will then be followed by a trial on a larger scale. The trial will be conducted at a New Zealand hospital and involves the simple injection of encapsulated islets into the abdomen of the diabetic patients. It is anticipated that the trial would start by the end of 2007.

Just like a referee to normalize play throughout the game - DiaKine Therapeutics is developing ways to normalize the body's immune system.

The new drugs modulate cytokines, part of the body's immune system, which mistakenly attack normal organs and tissue and cause diseases such as: diabetes, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Research by Dr. Nadler and his collaborators published in 2006 showed that controlling certain cytokines can arrest the progression of, or reverse, type 1 diabetes in an animal model.

The company's first product, IsletLifeLSF Media 1 is designed to improve the viability and insulin producing capabilities of harvested islet cells prior to transplant. This would potentially improve the success rate of the procedure. Additional therapeutics under development by DiaKine include: adjunct therapy to islet cell transplants, halting the progression of type 1 diabetes in newly diagnosed adults, treatment and prevention of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA), treatment and prevention of insulin requiring type 2 diabetic, treatment and prevention of diabetes complications.

It all sounds like good stuff in the works. Keep an eye on the progress and press releases of DiaKine, as well as their research partner - the Diabetes Research Institute. A lot is happening these days. What else have you seen or heard about in the autoimmune arena?

Islet transplantation has become an enticing answer for a better Band-Aid in treating diabetes, both type 1 and 2. In type 1 diabetes the problem is the destruction of islets. About 15% of those with type 2 diabetes have the same problem of islet destruction, just as in type 1 diabetes. The age old problem with all transplanted cells is the recipient's immunity rejecting them as foreign bodies. Look no further than the ocean blue for a promising resolution.

Cerco Medical is developing a better Band-Aid to treat diabetes with a seaweed encapsulation technology. Their method uses a thin-sheet of encapsulated islets that is surgically attached to the liver. The sheet of islets is thinly coated with kelp to prevent immune rejection, and allow the islets to release insulin without allowing T-cells to enter and destroy the islets. This is a promising technique to potentially restore normal blood sugar control in diabetes.

Of course, the biomedical industry is quickly becoming the next dot-com. So the islet shortage is not a concern. With the advent of remarkable technologies, we can conceivably generate our own islets without having to sacrifice fetuses, wait for islet donors to die, or slaughter Billy Bob's best porker. The future of the better Band-Aid is closer than we think!

Charity is a beautiful thing. This is especially true for Eugenia "Gene" Dodson, who was a beautician for most of her career. On October 17, 2006 the Diabetes Research Institute Foundation and the University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center jointly announced the receipt of a $35.6 million gift from the estate of the late Eugenia J. Dodson of Coral Gables. Mrs. Dodson died 24 days before her 101st birthday.

The touching story of Mrs. Dodson's generosity begins with her two brothers, Russell (bottom left) and Raymond (bottom right) Johnson. Both brothers passed away from diabetic complications. Mrs. Dodson survived lung cancer. When her husband and the love of her life, J. Enloe Dodson (top right), passed away he left Gene a modest inheritance. Throughout the past 50 years, she preserved and discreetly grew this money for the purpose of funding research to cure diabetes and cancer.

The DRI Foundation plans to use the gift for a number of cure initiatives. The funding will be used to create the J. Enloe and Eugenia J. Dodson Diabetes Center for Translational Research and establish the Raymond and Russell Johnson Fellowship in Type 1 Diabetes Research. Eugenia's gift represents the single largest donation in the 35 year history of the Diabetes Research Institute Foundation. In her wake, Mrs. Dodson has strengthened our hopes of someday finding a cure for diabetes. Without question, she has left a beautiful impression on the world.