An area in Seattle, WA is reporting a two-fold increase in the number of diabetics, up from ten years ago. In addition to this -- type 1 diabetes is on the rise.

The numbers show that 84,000 adults (nearly 6% of the adult population of the county) were diagnosed with diabetes in 2006, compared with 2.8% in 1996. Even more are unaware they have the condition. Type 1 diabetes, for which there is no known prevention, is showing a dramatic increase in the area, as well.

A researcher involved in the study explains "this is not a question of raising awareness of diabetes anymore -- we're beyond that. We need to understand why people aren't listening." The comment pertains to type 2 diabetics and why they have not altered unhealthy lifestyles choices such as high-fat foods and not enough exercise. Both contribute to skyrocketing obesity rates. And obesity is a major risk factor for Type 2 diabetes, by far the most common form.

Seattle has one of the highest rates of type 1 diabetes in children under 5, and they don't know why. But early research shows that oral insulin in family members of those already diagnosed showed a 4 1/2-year delay in the onset of the disease.

The scientists at University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine discovered that it is possible to regenerate damaged cells of the pancreas. Although the cells that revealed this discovery are not the beta cells of the pancreas, researchers believe that this research could find new ways to replenish the organs ability to produce insulin in diabetics.

The pancreas is made up of two compartments with different functions: the islet compartment of insulin-producing beta cells and the much larger exocrine compartment composed of duct cells and acinar cells that make and deliver enzymes to the intestine for digestion. Diabetes is caused by the failure of the beta cells to make insulin, whereas pancreatic cancer usually originates from the exocrine compartment. Under certain conditions in tissue culture, acinar cells can synthesize insulin as well as amylase, a digestion enzyme.

Evidence from this research is pointing to the beta cell itself as the most promising source for generating new beta cells. The focus of research is now shifting toward the direct stimulation of islet cell growth in live animals. In contrast, once acinar cells are removed from the organism and placed into culture, they may have greater potential to change into other cell types, including beta cells. As a result, Stoffers' animal model and technical approach is currently being used by other groups in the United States, Europe, and China to determine conditions under which acinar cells can take on the features of duct cells and beta cells.

On Tuesday, October 17, the clouds parted and the medicinal gatekeepers welcomed the birth of a little bundle of joy from Merck & Co, named Januvia. Weighing in at $4.86 per tablet, and guaranteed to control blood sugars without the undesirable side effect of weight gain, Merck said Januvia would be in pharmacies in the near future.

This is a new class of pills called DPP-4, or dipeptidyl peptidase IV. These are inhibitors that work to enhance the body's own ability to lower blood sugar. In clinical trials, patients did not gain weight. Yippee! Taken once a day, Januvia is expected to face competition from Novartis AG's rival medicine Galvus, which is awaiting FDA approval, possibly next month. The first generation of drugs designed to combat insulin resistance notoriously caused water retention and gain weight.

The empirical evidence is shining through already. A survey of about 60 physicians, conducted by Reuters Primary Research, shows the vast majority of doctors intend to start prescribing Januvia and Galvus right away. Dr. Stuart Weiss, a New York University Medical Center endocrinologist, said the drug's ability to control blood sugar spikes without added weight gain was a big draw. "In the face of a diabetes epidemic, this drug ... is particularly an inviting choice," said Weiss, who has consulted for several Merck competitors, including Novartis. If the near $5 a day price tag doesn't send your budget into a tailspin, you might have the shelf space for a DPP-4 in your near future. Praise be the DPP, for the sugars will come down and the scales won't creep up!

The website Diabetic News is running a brief article that you may want to check out. It discusses the main features of blood glucose meters. This may be of use if you're thinking of purchasing one of these devices. In a nutshell, here are the factors to consider:

1. Measurement Range -- Be aware that different meters use different ranges.
2. Whole Blood Glucose vs. Plasma Glucose -- Be aware that home blood glucose tests work by measuring the glucose in whole blood, while lab tests measure glucose in plasma. For this reason, your home test readings will not match your lab test results. (However, many meters now give "plasma equivalent" readings, which may be helpful to you.)
3. Cleaning -- Be aware that cleaning the device properly is important for your health and to ensure accurate readings are obtained. 4. Display of High and Low Glucose Values -- be aware that the usefulness of home blood glucose testing devices is dependent on your ability to properly interpret the results.