Scientists from all over the world will meet up in Seattle October 22-23 to attend the Warren G. Magnuson Congress for a Global Diabetes Alliance. The initiative is intended to help fight the rapid rise of type 2 diabetes worldwide. International Diabetes Federation past president Pierre Lefebvre, who will be a speaker at the conference, says the need for such an alliance to fight the T2 global epidemic "could not be more urgent."

More than one hundred diabetes experts hailing from over twenty countries will attend the congress. There's one main goal: the discussion of how to help under-served populations, such as indigenous peoples. However, the more general problems - prevention, treatment and the possibility of a cure - will also be on the table. It is also hoped that the alliance can help change public perception of type 2 diabetes as a disease associated with affluence, when in fact it is spreading faster in poor, developing countries where people frequently lack access to medical care.

Organizers say this is the first global alliance on diabetes. Speaking of organizers: who's behind this anyway? Well, it's being convened by the Pacific Northwest Research Institute (PNRI). Incoming president of the American Diabetes Association, Dr. Paul Robertson, is president and scientific director of the PNRI. Warren G. Magnuson, for whom the conference is named, was a US senator and supporter of the sciences who died from diabetes complications in 1989.

The ADA and PNRI's Dr. Robertson is optimistic the organization can effect change: "The response from top experts from around the world to develop a global, multidisciplinary, collaborative endeavor focused on clinical research on diabetes has been overwhelming."

The scientific community has been in a heated debate about xenotransplants (transplanting pig islets into humans). Although the procedures are showing to be effective - is the insulin secretion entirely pig? Some experts surmise that after the transplants, diabetic patients are actually able to produce some insulin on their own, after all.

The latest press release from Tissera, Inc (an Israeli-based company) made a statement that raises my hopes. It was, "By the fourth month after transplantation, the insulin dose needed to maintain near-normal blood sugar levels decreased by more than 90% in comparison with the insulin dose needed before transplantation, meaning that endogenous insulin production was predominantly responsible for blood sugar control."

The question of the origin of endogenous insulin was addressed by measurement of blood C-peptide. C-peptide splits from insulin and indicates the level of insulin secretion from the patient. C-peptide levels were measured both at baseline and in response to a sugar load, which brings about a rise in blood C-peptide. The measured C-peptide was shown to be predominantly of pig origin. So herein lies my question: is predominantly more than 50%? A type 1 diabetic has undetectable levels of C-peptide. Period. After the xenotransplant the C-peptide level is all of a sudden detectable? Could these islet transplants assist in regenerating the diabetics' own islets?

Yes, the title conjures up images of a futuristic world in which diabetics puff their way back to health. "New! Insulin Cigarettes!" In fact, it's rather more innocuous than that: scientists have engineered a type of insulin-containing tobacco plant that could - in theory, at least - be used as a diabetes treatment.

A study has just been completed of its use. Once freeze-dried and broken down into powder, the insulin-containing tobacco leaves were administered to mice. The scientists who came up with the plant (and who are based at the University of Central Florida), found the powder successfully prevented diabetes symptoms in the mice after eight weeks. It seems pretty safe to assume, they speculate, that humans with type 1 diabetes could get similar results from ingesting plant-based insulin.

The only snag so far is the image problem associated with tobacco. As a result, lead researcher Henry Daniell, is proposing a switch to lettuce, which is cheap, easy to grow and - oh, yeah! - is not associated with cancer. Good move.

The results of this study appear in the Plant Biotechnology Journal (July 2007).

ImmunoMod has received an FDA Orphan Drug Grant award to pursue human trials focused on preventing the onset of Type 1 Diabetes by protecting beta cell function in early-stage diabetic youth.

When diabetes is first diagnosed, a short window of time known as "the honeymoon stage" exists to preserve the body's ability to create insulin. During this critical stage an individual has the best chance to protect the beta cells and stop the onset of the disease. Studies have shown that regeneration of damaged cells can occur if beta cells can be preserved. The problem to date has been the inability to prolong the preservation of these beta cells.

While some treatments have decelerated beta cell destruction, their effects have been temporary, caused toxic effects and required continuous treatment. ImmunoMod appears to effectively and safely protect beta cells for prolonged periods of time. The goal is to retard or reverse the destruction of these cells during the honeymoon phase, when cells first begin to lose function, which typically lasts about six months. I wonder if it's possible to reintroduce the honeymoon stage for Type 1 diabetics who have already been diabetic for decades?

TuDiabetes.com is a site for people touched by diabetes. The creator of the site, Manny Hernandez, got the ball rolling on a topic of interest we all take to heart - diabetes book recommendations.

When you ask diabetics to brainstorm on a terribly intrinsic topic you get some pretty good responses. One suggested read was The Diabetes Improvement Program. This book helped a diabetic overcome depression, when the talented team of healthcare professionals could not. Other honorable mentions include: Psyching Out Diabetes, Dr. Bernstein's' Diabetes Solution, Diabesity, and Diabetes for Dummies.

Somebody actually asked something very interesting - where is the book on the evolution of diabetes treatment? Often a topic of discussion, and yet so rarely documented is the sequential events of diabetes treatment, starting with the discovery of insulin. A lull ensued from about 1930 till the boom of genetically modified human insulin, in the early 80s. Any investigative journalist willing to take a stab at it? I guarantee the book will make my must read. And Eli Lilly might actually pay you not to write it.

P.S. One reader pointed out - a chapter of Brent Hoadley's book, Too Profitable to Cure presented a chronology of the evolution of diabetes treatment.

This headline on the website Diabetes Health got my attention: "The Federal Government Hugely Out-of-Pocket for Diabetes Care." Here are the key numbers: In 2005, the federal government spent almost eighty billion dollars on diabetes care, writes Linda von Wartburg, reporting on a study commissioned by drug giant Novo Nordisk as part of its "Changing Diabetes" campaign. In fact, one in every eight healthcare dollars - or twelve percent of the budget - was spent on diabetes. Need some more perspective? Well, according to the Novo study, this amounts to more than the entire budget of the Department of Education. Phew.

Yes, diabetes care is costing a lot of money. But the ballooning cost of diabetes treatment is only part of the problem. Of equal concern is the amount spent on care versus the amount allocated for prevention and education. Paltry, is the word you might use. Of the 79.7 billion spent, only 3.9 billion went to prevention or education. Considering Type 2 diabetes cases are ballooning in the US - some say it constitutes an epidemic - the feds might want to consider tweaking the budget a bit, don't you agree? That's what the study's authors are recommending. They say more money is desperately needed for prevention and public education. Click here to read more on Novo's Federal Spending Report.

Just like a referee to normalize play throughout the game - DiaKine Therapeutics is developing ways to normalize the body's immune system.

The new drugs modulate cytokines, part of the body's immune system, which mistakenly attack normal organs and tissue and cause diseases such as: diabetes, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Research by Dr. Nadler and his collaborators published in 2006 showed that controlling certain cytokines can arrest the progression of, or reverse, type 1 diabetes in an animal model.

The company's first product, IsletLifeLSF Media 1 is designed to improve the viability and insulin producing capabilities of harvested islet cells prior to transplant. This would potentially improve the success rate of the procedure. Additional therapeutics under development by DiaKine include: adjunct therapy to islet cell transplants, halting the progression of type 1 diabetes in newly diagnosed adults, treatment and prevention of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA), treatment and prevention of insulin requiring type 2 diabetic, treatment and prevention of diabetes complications.

It all sounds like good stuff in the works. Keep an eye on the progress and press releases of DiaKine, as well as their research partner - the Diabetes Research Institute. A lot is happening these days. What else have you seen or heard about in the autoimmune arena?

Metabolex is a company dedicated to the discovery and development of novel therapeutics for diabetes and related metabolic disorders. They recently announced the launch of a double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2a, proof-of-concept study for MBX-2044, an oral insulin sensitizer for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Metaglidasen and MBX-2044 address insulin resistance, the underlying cause of type 2 diabetes, by enhancing insulin sensitization. The currently marketed insulin sensitizers, Actos® and Avandia®, carry warnings of increased risk of congestive heart failure due to edema and cause significant weight gain, which compromises patient compliance.

Metaglidasen and MBX-2044 have been specifically designed to address the shortcomings of the currently marketed insulin sensitizer drugs. Clinical testing of metaglidasen suggests it has comparable efficacy with an improved safety profile. Now we're getting somewhere with this medical advancement stuff! A new drug that does the trick sans the undesirable side effects - attaboy, Metabolex!

National Public Radio (NPR) is running a transcript of its latest report on diabetes treatment options. It's top picks: inhalable insulin (of course, given all the hype!), and also a drug derived from lizard saliva. Hang on. Let's backtrack. Lizard saliva? Turns out, they're talking about the popular diabetes drug Byetta. Yes, the drug that's contained in Byetta is known as exanitide. Byetta has been in the news a great deal in the past because of its unintended, but usually much-welcomed side-effect: weight loss. Exanitide, which mimics a naturally-occurring hormone by stimulating insulin release, is taken from the saliva of the Gila monster (pictured), a large lizard found in the southwest of the US and the northern region of Mexico. It is a venomous little critter, although it's bites are rarely fatal to humans. (Although that's what Steve Irwin thought about sting rays...) Don't ask me how they get the saliva from the Gila monster. I'm afraid I don't want to know...

Still, the NPR report also emphasizes the importance of good old-fashioned exercise and other positive lifestyle changes in managing diabetes. There is also a handy summary chart at the end of the feature explaining who can and cannot use inhalable insulin. If you're confused about this issue, check it out!

These days it's not unusual to hear that different city and state governments around the nation are posting all sorts of information online. It's all about giving the public access to information collected by their governments.

I just read that the Missouri Department of Health has created an online resource just for diabetes. The department's web site now includes all the statistics on diabetes that the state has collected. Statistics are presented by county and by state totals. The idea is to make the numbers available to those involved in treatment and prevention of the disease. It will also likely be of use to those engaged in research. According to departmental figures, the incidence of diabetes in Missouri has nearly doubled since 1990. The idea, then, is that anything has to be better than the status quo!